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Eurostat · Government gross debt, net lending or borrowing and 10-year bond yield · Romania

What are the government debt, deficit and bond yield of Romania?

The 10-year government bond yield of Romania was 6.71% in the month ended .

Romania, debt and deficit, each year

1995 to 2025Yearly figure, as published or worked out (see the numbers)Each row has a scale of its own, printed under its nameNo picture is made of these rows; their numbers are in the table

Romania, debt and deficit, each year, one row for each measure
  • Government gross debt, % of GDP58.9%6.6% to 58.9%
  • Government deficit or surplus, % of GDP−7.8%−9.5% to −0.5%

Romania, bond yield, each month

Oct 2016 to Sep 2026Monthly figure, as published or averaged (see the numbers)No picture is made of these rows; their numbers are in the table

Romania, bond yield, each month, one row for each measure
  • 10-year government bond yield6.71%2.65% to 9.26%

Each row is one measure of Romania, a year or a month to a point, with its newest value and its range printed beside it and a dashed line at zero. A gap is a period with no value. Pointing at the chart shows the period and the value.

Observed .

Right now

The gross debt of the government of Romania was 58.9% of GDP in the year 2025, up 4.3 percentage points over a year (ours), 14th highest of 27 among the member states of the European Union.

The net lending or borrowing of the government of Romania was −7.8% of GDP in the year 2025, up 1.4 percentage points over a year (ours), 27th highest of 27 among the member states of the European Union.

The 10-year government bond yield of Romania was 6.71% in September 2026, down 0.58 percentage points over a year (ours), 1st highest of 27 among the member states of the European Union.

See every measure with its change and rank

Over five yearsOurs

Over five years the gross debt of the government is up 11.7 percentage points, the net lending or borrowing of the government is up 1.5 percentage points and the 10-year government bond yield is up 2.71 percentage points (ours).

See the change of every measure

Against its historyOurs

The gross debt of the government in the year 2025 was the highest since our record begins in 1995.

The net lending or borrowing of the government in the year 2025 was the highest since 2023.

The 10-year government bond yield in September 2026 was the highest since December 2025.

See when each measure was last higher and lower

What the figures areIn the source's words

Government gross debt: The total debt of the government as a whole at the end of the year, with the debts its parts owe each other taken out. It is the debt the budget rules of the European Union count (Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1).

Government deficit or surplus: Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of the government as a whole in the year: what it takes in less what it spends (Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1).

10-year government bond yield: The yield on central government bonds with about ten years left to run, traded between investors, before tax. Eurostat calls it the convergence criterion bond yield, because the rules for joining the euro compare countries on it (Eurostat, irt_lt_mcby_m).

Central bank

The central bank of Romania has a page on this site.

Understanding the government finances of Romania

Where it stands today

The 10-year government bond yield of Romania was 6.71% in September 2026.

What do the figures for Romania measure?

For Romania, this page shows the gross debt of the government, its deficit or surplus and the yield on its 10-year bonds, in the figures official statistics publish. Government gross debt is what the government owes, as a share of the output of the economy in a year (GDP). Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) is the balance of what the government takes in and what it spends in a year, as a share of GDP: a negative figure is a deficit and a positive figure a surplus. The 10-year bond yield is the yield on the government's bonds with about ten years left to run, in percent a year.

Read more

The figures are Eurostat's. It collects them from the statistical authorities of the member states, which report them under the same rules, so that a figure for one member state is on the same definition as the figure for another.

What 500metrics adds: the change over a year and over five years of every figure, the highest and lowest value since our record begins, the last time a figure was higher and lower, the last ten years of the bond yield and the yearly history of the government gross debt and government deficit or surplus as small charts, and the rank of each figure among the 27 member states of the European Union.

The numbers behind the chart

What are the latest figures for Romania?3 measures, each in its own newest period
Romania: the newest period of each measure, its change over a year and over five years (ours) in percentage points, its rank among the member states of the European Union and the last periods it was higher and lower (ours)
MeasurePeriodValueChange over a yearChange over five yearsRankLast higherLast lower
Government gross debt58.9% of GDP+4.3 pts+11.7 pts14 of 27none since 1995
Government deficit or surplus−7.8% of GDP+1.4 pts+1.5 pts27 of 27
10-year government bond yield6.71%−0.58 pts+2.71 pts1 of 27

The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.

What were the debt and the deficit of Romania in each year?31 years, newest first
Romania, by year, newest first
YearGovernment gross debtGovernment deficit or surplus
58.9% of GDP−7.8% of GDP
54.6% of GDP−9.2% of GDP
49.4% of GDP−6.6% of GDP
48.3% of GDP−6.5% of GDP
48.8% of GDP−7.2% of GDP
47.2% of GDP−9.3% of GDP
35.4% of GDP−4.4% of GDP
34.6% of GDP−2.8% of GDP
35.3% of GDP−2.5% of GDP
37.8% of GDP−2.5% of GDP
Show 21 more rows
YearGovernment gross debtGovernment deficit or surplus
37.7% of GDP−0.5% of GDP
39.1% of GDP−1.2% of GDP
37.8% of GDP−2.3% of GDP
35.4% of GDP−3.8% of GDP
32.3% of GDP−5.6% of GDP
29.0% of GDP−7.1% of GDP
21.8% of GDP−9.5% of GDP
12.3% of GDP−5.4% of GDP
11.9% of GDP−2.8% of GDP
12.4% of GDP−2.1% of GDP
15.9% of GDP−0.8% of GDP
18.9% of GDP−1.1% of GDP
22.1% of GDP−1.4% of GDP
24.8% of GDP−1.9% of GDP
25.9% of GDP−3.5% of GDP
22.5% of GDP−4.6% of GDP
21.7% of GDP−4.4% of GDP
16.8% of GDP−3.2% of GDP
15.1% of GDP−4.4% of GDP
10.6% of GDP−3.6% of GDP
6.6% of GDP−2.0% of GDP
What was the bond yield of Romania in each month?The last 120 months, newest first; the chart has the same months
Romania, 10-year government bond yield, by month, newest first
Month10-year government bond yield
6.71%
6.43%
6.09%
5.98%
6.17%
6.15%
6.33%
5.99%
6.59%
6.72%
6.82%
7.07%
Show 108 more rows
Month10-year government bond yield
7.29%
7.17%
7.13%
7.37%
6.83%
6.63%
6.33%
6.83%
7.07%
6.81%
6.60%
6.36%
6.42%
6.42%
6.50%
5.99%
6.29%
6.25%
5.96%
6.06%
6.14%
6.19%
6.75%
6.81%
7.48%
6.34%
6.20%
6.11%
6.30%
7.00%
7.10%
7.46%
6.80%
7.17%
7.65%
9.13%
8.07%
8.14%
9.26%
8.74%
7.84%
6.61%
6.20%
5.60%
5.37%
5.37%
5.11%
4.75%
4.00%
3.72%
3.24%
3.11%
3.03%
2.84%
2.96%
2.65%
2.72%
2.94%
3.04%
3.29%
3.49%
3.88%
3.94%
3.89%
4.54%
4.83%
4.56%
4.04%
4.28%
4.57%
4.32%
4.12%
4.12%
4.12%
4.51%
4.59%
4.93%
4.91%
4.80%
4.79%
4.69%
4.60%
4.78%
4.90%
4.75%
4.80%
5.05%
4.95%
4.69%
4.46%
4.53%
4.49%
4.24%
4.40%
4.43%
4.17%
3.89%
3.86%
3.84%
3.67%
3.75%
3.79%
3.99%
3.96%
3.75%
3.73%
3.56%
2.94%
What do these figures leave out, and how are they cited?Limits, dates and how to cite

What this number cannot tell you

  • Each yearly figure is a ratio to the output of the economy (GDP) of the same year, so it moves when the debt or the deficit moves and when GDP does.
  • The bond yield is in percent a year and is a figure for a month.
  • A change is the difference between two values, in percentage points, and is ours; it is shown for a year and for five years back, and is blank where the series does not reach that far.
  • Eurostat takes the debt and the net lending or borrowing from the national statistical authorities and revises them when they notify them again, in April and October. The newest year is often provisional, and Eurostat revises it. It marks a break in a series, and a change across a break is not like for like.
  • The debt is the total the government as a whole owes, with the debts between its own parts taken out. It is not reduced by what the government holds.
  • Net lending or borrowing is what the government as a whole takes in less what it spends in the year, so a deficit is a negative number.
  • The bond yield is the one Eurostat uses to compare countries for the euro's entry rules. Each member state's bond, or basket of bonds, is its own, and the yield of the euro area or the European Union is Eurostat's aggregate, not one government's.
  • The changes, the ranks and the highest and lowest values are ours, worked out from the values Eurostat publishes, and Eurostat is not responsible for them.

Observed . Checked .

How to cite this

Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1 (government deficit/surplus, debt and associated data) and irt_lt_mcby_m (EMU convergence criterion bond yields), Romania, through 30 September 2026. Compiled by 500metrics, "What are the government debt, deficit and bond yield of Romania?", https://500metrics.com/government-debt/romania.

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