National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) Table 1.1.2 · Contributions to percent change in real gross domestic product
Which parts of the economy added to or took from GDP growth?
The quarter ended : of the 4 lines, the change over a year was largest for Private investment, up 3.12 percentage points, and smallest for Net exports, down 4.32 percentage points.
Contributions to real GDP growth, parts of gdp, each quarter
- Consumer spending2.52-21.62 to 24.95
- Private investment3.27-8.92 to 13.54
- Net exports-3.32-4.04 to 4.49
- Government spending0.90-1.14 to 1.82
Each row is one line of the page over the last ten years, one quarter to a point, on a scale shared by the rows of the tab, with its newest value and its range printed beside it and a dashed line at zero. A gap is a quarter with no value. Pointing at the chart shows the quarter and the value.
Observed .
Right now
Over a year to the third quarter of 2026, of the 4 lines on this page the change was largest for Private investment, up 3.12 percentage points, and smallest for Net exports, down 4.32 percentage points.
Of these lines, 3 rose, 1 fell and 0 did not change over the year (ours, from the published values).
By lineOver a year, ours
Contributions to real GDP growth, change over a year, by line
Each bar is the change in one line over a year, the largest first, with its rank at the left and its newest value under the figure. A line with its own page links it from its name. A change below zero runs to the left of the zero line. The colour says which section of the page a line is in.
Observed .
Contributions to real GDP growth, change over a year in each quarter
| Line | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer spending | +0.71 | −0.74 | −1.19 | −0.03 | −1.56 | +0.05 | +1.08 | +0.07 |
| Private investment | −1.56 | +4.11 | −3.76 | −0.42 | +1.08 | −2.61 | +3.12 | +3.12 |
| Net exports | −0.10 | −3.94 | +5.62 | +1.78 | −0.10 | +4.00 | −5.59 | −4.32 |
| Government spending | −0.27 | −0.72 | −0.23 | −0.61 | −1.62 | +0.92 | −0.41 | +0.62 |
Each chip is one quarter's change from the same quarter a year earlier. The mark in its middle is zero: a fill to the right of it is a rise and a fill to the left a fall. A longer, brighter fill is a larger change, in five steps up to 4.11 and over. Every chip prints its figure and sign.
Observed .
Understanding gdp growth by part
Where it stands today
The largest change over a year was Private investment, up 3.12 percentage points, in the third quarter of 2026.
What do the lines of this page measure?
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) splits the growth of real GDP into the contributions of its parts: consumer spending, private investment (business and housing investment and changes in inventories), net exports (exports less imports) and government spending. A contribution is the part's growth times its share of GDP, in percentage points at an annual rate.
Read more
The four contributions of a quarter add up to the quarter's growth, which has its own page. Imports are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, so more imports give net exports a negative contribution, and fewer imports a positive one.
What 500metrics adds: the change over a year of every part, in percentage points and ranked across the page; the last ten years of every part as rows of small charts; and a table of the change over a year in each of the last eight quarters.
The numbers behind the chart
What is the latest value of each line?4 lines, in the sections of the page
| Line | Section | Quarter | Value | Change over a year | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer spending | Parts of GDP | 2.52 points | +0.07 pts | 3 | |
| Private investment | Parts of GDP | 3.27 points | +3.12 pts | 1 | |
| Net exports | Parts of GDP | −3.32 points | −4.32 pts | 4 | |
| Government spending | Parts of GDP | 0.90 points | +0.62 pts | 2 |
The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.
What do these figures leave out, and how are they cited?Limits, dates and how to cite
What this number cannot tell you
- BEA publishes each quarter three times, as an advance estimate about a month after the quarter ends and as a second and a third estimate in the two months after, and revises it again in its annual updates. This page shows the newest estimate of every quarter, so an earlier quarter can differ from the figure first published.
- A contribution depends on the part's share of GDP as well as on its growth, so a small part has a small contribution even when it grows fast. BEA's tables show finer parts (goods and services, structures and equipment, defense and nondefense); this page shows the four main parts.
- Contributions to growth are calculated from chained dollars, so they add up to the growth rate to within rounding.
- The changes and the ranks are ours, worked out from the values BEA publishes; a change is in percentage points.
- This product uses the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Data API but is not endorsed or certified by BEA.
Observed . Checked .
How to cite this
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, Contributions to percent change in real gross domestic product, through the third quarter of 2026. Compiled by 500metrics, "Which parts of the economy added to or took from GDP growth?", https://500metrics.com/gdp-contributions.
Can the data be downloaded?gdp-contributions.csv
Download the last ten years of every line as CSV: 164 rows, to , 8,098 bytes.
Our text and compilation: CC BY 4.0.
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