Eurostat · Government gross debt, net lending or borrowing and 10-year bond yield · Bulgaria
What are the government debt, deficit and bond yield of Bulgaria?
The 10-year government bond yield of Bulgaria was 4.09% in the month ended .
Bulgaria, debt and deficit, each year
- Government gross debt, % of GDP29.9%13.0% to 244.5%
- Government deficit or surplus, % of GDP−4.0%−5.4% to 2.7%
Bulgaria, bond yield, each month
- 10-year government bond yield4.09%0.12% to 4.21%
Each row is one measure of Bulgaria, a year or a month to a point, with its newest value and its range printed beside it and a dashed line at zero. A gap is a period with no value. Pointing at the chart shows the period and the value.
Observed .
Right now
The gross debt of the government of Bulgaria was 29.9% of GDP in the year 2025, up 6.2 percentage points over a year (ours), 24th highest of 27 among the member states of the European Union.
The net lending or borrowing of the government of Bulgaria was −4.0% of GDP in the year 2025, down 1.0 percentage point over a year (ours), 20th highest of 27 among the member states of the European Union.
The 10-year government bond yield of Bulgaria was 4.09% in September 2026, up 0.16 percentage points over a year (ours), 12th highest of 27 among the member states of the European Union.
Over five yearsOurs
Over five years the gross debt of the government is up 5.5 percentage points, the net lending or borrowing of the government is down 0.2 percentage points and the 10-year government bond yield is up 3.94 percentage points (ours).
Against its historyOurs
The gross debt of the government in the year 2025 was the highest since 2004.
The net lending or borrowing of the government in the year 2025 was the lowest since 2014.
The 10-year government bond yield in September 2026 was the highest since March 2023.
What the figures areIn the source's words
Government gross debt: The total debt of the government as a whole at the end of the year, with the debts its parts owe each other taken out. It is the debt the budget rules of the European Union count (Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1).
Government deficit or surplus: Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of the government as a whole in the year: what it takes in less what it spends (Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1).
10-year government bond yield: The yield on central government bonds with about ten years left to run, traded between investors, before tax. Eurostat calls it the convergence criterion bond yield, because the rules for joining the euro compare countries on it (Eurostat, irt_lt_mcby_m).
Central bank
The European Central Bank sets the policy rate for the euro area, which Bulgaria is part of. Its page is on this site.
Understanding the government finances of Bulgaria
Where it stands today
The 10-year government bond yield of Bulgaria was 4.09% in September 2026.
What do the figures for Bulgaria measure?
For Bulgaria, this page shows the gross debt of the government, its deficit or surplus and the yield on its 10-year bonds, in the figures official statistics publish. Government gross debt is what the government owes, as a share of the output of the economy in a year (GDP). Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) is the balance of what the government takes in and what it spends in a year, as a share of GDP: a negative figure is a deficit and a positive figure a surplus. The 10-year bond yield is the yield on the government's bonds with about ten years left to run, in percent a year.
Read more
The figures are Eurostat's. It collects them from the statistical authorities of the member states, which report them under the same rules, so that a figure for one member state is on the same definition as the figure for another.
What 500metrics adds: the change over a year and over five years of every figure, the highest and lowest value since our record begins, the last time a figure was higher and lower, the last ten years of the bond yield and the yearly history of the government gross debt and government deficit or surplus as small charts, and the rank of each figure among the 27 member states of the European Union.
The numbers behind the chart
What are the latest figures for Bulgaria?3 measures, each in its own newest period
| Measure | Period | Value | Change over a year | Change over five years | Rank | Last higher | Last lower |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government gross debt | 29.9% of GDP | +6.2 pts | +5.5 pts | 24 of 27 | |||
| Government deficit or surplus | −4.0% of GDP | −1.0 pts | −0.2 pts | 20 of 27 | |||
| 10-year government bond yield | 4.09% | +0.16 pts | +3.94 pts | 12 of 27 |
The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.
What were the debt and the deficit of Bulgaria in each year?31 years, newest first
| Year | Government gross debt | Government deficit or surplus |
|---|---|---|
| 29.9% of GDP | −4.0% of GDP | |
| 23.7% of GDP | −3.0% of GDP | |
| 22.8% of GDP | −2.0% of GDP | |
| 22.4% of GDP | −2.9% of GDP | |
| 23.8% of GDP | −4.0% of GDP | |
| 24.4% of GDP | −3.8% of GDP | |
| 20.1% of GDP | 2.2% of GDP | |
| 22.2% of GDP | 1.7% of GDP | |
| 25.1% of GDP | 1.6% of GDP | |
| 29.1% of GDP | 0.3% of GDP |
Show 21 more rows
| Year | Government gross debt | Government deficit or surplus |
|---|---|---|
| 25.9% of GDP | −1.9% of GDP | |
| 27.0% of GDP | −5.4% of GDP | |
| 17.0% of GDP | −0.7% of GDP | |
| 16.6% of GDP | −0.8% of GDP | |
| 15.2% of GDP | −1.7% of GDP | |
| 15.3% of GDP | −3.7% of GDP | |
| 13.7% of GDP | −4.4% of GDP | |
| 13.0% of GDP | 1.4% of GDP | |
| 16.3% of GDP | 0.0% of GDP | |
| 20.9% of GDP | 2.7% of GDP | |
| 26.6% of GDP | 1.6% of GDP | |
| 35.7% of GDP | 1.8% of GDP | |
| 43.4% of GDP | 0.0% of GDP | |
| 51.0% of GDP | −1.1% of GDP | |
| 64.5% of GDP | 0.7% of GDP | |
| 70.7% of GDP | 0.1% of GDP | |
| 75.8% of GDP | 0.2% of GDP | |
| 66.7% of GDP | 1.3% of GDP | |
| 96.7% of GDP | 1.5% of GDP | |
| 244.5% of GDP | n/a | |
| 76.8% of GDP | n/a |
What was the bond yield of Bulgaria in each month?The last 120 months, newest first; the chart has the same months
| Month | 10-year government bond yield |
|---|---|
| 4.09% | |
| 4.09% | |
| 4.09% | |
| 4.09% | |
| 4.09% | |
| 3.95% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% |
Show 108 more rows
| Month | 10-year government bond yield |
|---|---|
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.93% | |
| 3.94% | |
| 4.01% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.03% | |
| 4.21% | |
| 2.73% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.85% | |
| 1.77% | |
| 1.62% | |
| 1.62% | |
| 1.09% | |
| 0.61% | |
| 0.57% | |
| 0.44% | |
| 0.25% | |
| 0.25% | |
| 0.15% | |
| 0.14% | |
| 0.14% | |
| 0.14% | |
| 0.14% | |
| 0.14% | |
| 0.14% | |
| 0.15% | |
| 0.19% | |
| 0.19% | |
| 0.20% | |
| 0.20% | |
| 0.20% | |
| 0.26% | |
| 0.50% | |
| 0.68% | |
| 0.20% | |
| 0.20% | |
| 0.15% | |
| 0.12% | |
| 0.15% | |
| 0.18% | |
| 0.22% | |
| 0.25% | |
| 0.35% | |
| 0.35% | |
| 0.43% | |
| 0.32% | |
| 0.48% | |
| 0.50% | |
| 0.67% | |
| 0.68% | |
| 0.72% | |
| 0.72% | |
| 0.75% | |
| 0.74% | |
| 0.78% | |
| 0.81% | |
| 0.92% | |
| 0.99% | |
| 1.05% | |
| 1.02% | |
| 1.05% | |
| 0.98% | |
| 0.90% | |
| 1.02% | |
| 1.33% | |
| 1.40% | |
| 1.66% | |
| 1.70% | |
| 1.65% | |
| 1.70% | |
| 1.74% | |
| 1.78% | |
| 1.73% | |
| 1.75% | |
| 1.77% | |
| 1.80% | |
| 1.82% | |
| 1.84% |
What do these figures leave out, and how are they cited?Limits, dates and how to cite
What this number cannot tell you
- Each yearly figure is a ratio to the output of the economy (GDP) of the same year, so it moves when the debt or the deficit moves and when GDP does.
- The bond yield is in percent a year and is a figure for a month.
- A change is the difference between two values, in percentage points, and is ours; it is shown for a year and for five years back, and is blank where the series does not reach that far.
- Eurostat takes the debt and the net lending or borrowing from the national statistical authorities and revises them when they notify them again, in April and October. The newest year is often provisional, and Eurostat revises it. It marks a break in a series, and a change across a break is not like for like.
- The debt is the total the government as a whole owes, with the debts between its own parts taken out. It is not reduced by what the government holds.
- Net lending or borrowing is what the government as a whole takes in less what it spends in the year, so a deficit is a negative number.
- The bond yield is the one Eurostat uses to compare countries for the euro's entry rules. Each member state's bond, or basket of bonds, is its own, and the yield of the euro area or the European Union is Eurostat's aggregate, not one government's.
- The changes, the ranks and the highest and lowest values are ours, worked out from the values Eurostat publishes, and Eurostat is not responsible for them.
Observed . Checked .
How to cite this
Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1 (government deficit/surplus, debt and associated data) and irt_lt_mcby_m (EMU convergence criterion bond yields), Bulgaria, through 30 September 2026. Compiled by 500metrics, "What are the government debt, deficit and bond yield of Bulgaria?", https://500metrics.com/government-debt/bulgaria.
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